Description
The Hammered English Coin Edward III 1356-61 Penny York refers to a penny minted during the reign of King Edward III, specifically between the years 1356 and 1361, and minted in York. This period of Edward III’s reign saw significant changes in English coinage, including the introduction of new designs and improved standards for coin production.
Key Features of the Coin:
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Denomination: The coin in question is a penny, which was the most common small denomination of English coinage during Edward III’s reign. It was worth one penny.
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Obverse: The obverse of the coin typically features a portrait of King Edward III. In this period, the portrait of Edward III was often shown in a full face or facing right, with a crown. The legend around the portrait would generally read something like “EDWARDUS REX ANGLIE”, meaning “Edward, King of England.”
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Reverse: The reverse of the coin usually features a long cross, dividing the coin into four quarters. In the center of the cross is often a shield bearing the royal arms of England. The reverse also typically carries the inscription “CIVITAS EBORACI” (meaning “City of York”), indicating that the coin was minted in the city of York, a prominent mint during Edward III’s reign.
Edward III Coinage (1356–1361):
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Context: Edward III ruled from 1327 to 1377, and his reign saw several military campaigns, including the Hundred Years’ War against France. The period between 1356 and 1361 saw the ongoing economic strain of the war, but also a series of important coinage reforms.
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Coinage Reform: During Edward III’s reign, particularly in the 1350s, there was a significant reform in English coinage. The Tealby penny was introduced during this period, which featured a long cross design on the reverse. This design was used for a number of years, and it became one of the most iconic features of Edward III’s coinage.
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Minting in York: York was an important mint during Edward III’s reign. Coins minted in York often carried the inscription “CIVITAS EBORACI” (“City of York”), identifying them as having been struck in that particular mint. The mint in York was known for producing high-quality coins and was an important contributor to the circulation of Edward III’s currency across England.
Design Details:
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Long Cross Design: The long cross on the reverse of the penny was a significant feature of the period. The design divided the coin into four quadrants, each often containing a floral symbol or crown in the corners. The long cross was a key feature of the Tealby style, which was introduced around 1250 and continued into Edward III’s reign.
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Mint Mark: In addition to the inscription “CIVITAS EBORACI” on the reverse, the coin may also feature mint marks or other symbols, which can add additional significance for collectors. These could help date the coin more precisely and indicate the specific period or batch it was struck.
Value and Rarity:
The value of an Edward III 1356-61 penny minted in York depends on several factors:
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Condition (Grade): As with all historical coins, the condition is a major factor in determining value. A well-preserved coin with clear details (including the portrait of Edward III, the long cross, and the mint inscription) will be worth more than a heavily worn or damaged coin.
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Rarity: Coins minted in York during this period are generally considered rarer than those from the London mint, as fewer coins were struck in northern England. This can make them more sought after by collectors.
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Historical Significance: Coins from this period are also of historical importance, as they represent a time of significant political and military developments, including the ongoing Hundred Years’ War and Edward III’s efforts to reform the coinage system.
How to Assess the Coin’s Value:
To assess the value of a hammered Edward III penny from the York mint (1356-61), you’ll need to consider:
- Condition: Coins in better condition with legible inscriptions and clear designs are more valuable. The state of preservation is essential for pricing.
- Mint Mark: If the coin has a distinct mint mark or other variations, this can influence its rarity and value.
- Market Demand: Coins from this period, particularly those from York, can attract strong interest among collectors of medieval English coins.
