Description
The Hammered English Coin Edward I 1279–1307 Penny London refers to a penny minted during the reign of King Edward I, specifically between the years 1279 and 1307, and struck at the London mint. This period is marked by significant changes in English coinage, particularly in terms of size, design, and standardization of the currency.
Key Features of the Coin:
-
Denomination: The penny was a key denomination in medieval English currency and was worth one penny.
-
Obverse: The obverse of the coin typically features a portrait of King Edward I, with the inscription “EDWARDUS REX” (Edward King), or “EDWARDUS DEI GRA” (Edward by the Grace of God). Edward I is often depicted wearing a crown and facing forward.
-
Reverse: The reverse of the coin features a long cross, dividing the coin into four quadrants. The reverse inscription typically reads “CIVITAS LONDON”, indicating that the coin was minted in London. This mint mark suggests that the coin was produced in the Royal Mint of London, which was one of the primary mints of the kingdom.
Edward I’s Coinage Reform:
-
Reform of 1279: One of the key changes in Edward I’s coinage was his reform of the currency in 1279. Prior to this, English coins had become subject to clipping (the removal of metal from the coin’s edge) and debasing (reducing the precious metal content). Edward I’s reform standardized the weight and fineness of English coins to improve their quality and ensure they maintained value.
-
Tealby Penny: Edward I continued the tradition of the Tealby penny from earlier periods. The long cross design on the reverse was a significant feature during his reign, and it became one of the most recognizable symbols of English medieval coinage. The cross divides the coin into four quadrants, and often a small symbol appears in each quadrant.
-
Minting in London: London was one of the most prominent mints in Edward I’s reign. The “CIVITAS LONDON” inscription indicates that this coin was struck at the London mint, which was the primary mint for English coinage at the time. However, coins were also produced in other cities, like York and Bristol, which were important for regional minting.
Design Characteristics:
-
Obverse Design: Edward I’s portrait on the obverse of the penny typically shows him with a crown and sometimes a sceptre or other royal regalia. This design aimed to establish his authority and legitimacy as the ruler of England.
-
Reverse Design: The long cross design was introduced to provide better anti-counterfeiting measures and to make the coin easier to handle. The cross divides the coin into quadrants, often with floral motifs or other symbols, such as crowns, in the quarters.
Value and Rarity:
The value of an Edward I penny minted in London depends on several factors:
-
Condition (Grade): As with all historical coins, the condition of the penny plays a significant role in determining its value. Coins with clear portraits, legible inscriptions, and minimal wear are more valuable. Coins that are worn or damaged tend to be worth less.
-
Mint Mark and Rarity: The mint mark of CIVITAS LONDON is relatively common for this period, as London was a key mint. However, depending on the specific type or year of the coin, certain variations or mint marks can make the coin rarer and more desirable to collectors.
-
Historical Significance: Coins from Edward I’s reign are important due to the coinage reform of 1279, which helped standardize the currency and maintain the integrity of English coinage. The long cross design also represents a significant development in the evolution of English currency.
How to Assess the Coin’s Value:
To determine the value of an Edward I penny from the London mint (1279-1307), consider the following factors:
- Condition: Coins that are well-preserved with clear details and legible inscriptions are generally worth more. The grade can be assessed using terms such as Good, Very Fine, or Extremely Fine.
- Rarity: Variations in mint marks or specific design features can affect a coin’s rarity. Coins with clearer or rarer features are typically more valuable.
- Demand: As with all antique coins, collector interest can fluctuate depending on the market. Coins that are historically significant or in high demand tend to fetch higher prices.
Conclusion:
A hammered Edward I penny from the London mint can be a valuable piece for collectors, particularly when in good condition and featuring clear details. The historical context of the coin, as well as its significance in the coinage reform of 1279, adds to its value. If you’re considering buying, selling, or appraising this coin, getting a professional evaluation based on its condition and specific features (mint marks, design variations, etc.) is recommended.
